The Lure of the “New” in Digital Humanities

Men louen of propre kynde newfangelnesse. (Chaucer, The Squire’s Tale, l. 610).

My daughter is fascinating.   For the first month or so, caring for a newborn seemed to be a series of diaper changes, sleepless nights, and incessant feedings, but a few weeks back she started interacting with the world.  Miss S, as we call her, woke up when she was 5 weeks old: she began to look at objects, track movements, and turn towards sounds.  Everything became possible and new.  I know that other parents have experienced this before, but it was absolutely fascinating for me to watch her wake up to the world.

The digital humanities is a bit like Miss S at 5 weeks…it seems that people are just now beginning to wake up to the technology that’s always been around them.  For the first time in years people from the humanities and social sciences are making tentative lunch appointments with faculty in computer science or reading TechCrunch and logging onto Twitter to see how the latest trends might change their corner of the world.

It’s not as if the digital humanities didn’t exist before now, but it wasn’t until a few years ago that the phrase began to appear in job listings, journal articles, and message boards (or rather, that the reach of digital humanities extended into more mainstream academic channels).  Sure, there were some souls who ventured into those uncharted technical waters before it became cool, but I would wager that most people hadn’t thought about how their research and the digital humanities could cozy up before now.

Honestly, I’m not sure if all of the un-conferences, coding workshops, and invited lectures can really give people a thorough understanding of such a complex field…especially because the discipline is growing, morphing, and changing as more people help to define it.  This “newfangelnesse” of which Chaucer speaks heralds in a new age, but it also serves as a caution for us as scholars: just because we’re opening our eyes for the first time and discovering something new, doesn’t mean it wasn’t already there.  Moreover, through all our excitement, we still need to approach the digital humanities with the same critical acuity that we give more established disciplines.

On Absences

Thomasina: There.  I have made him like the Baptist in the wilderness.                                                                                                                                                                     Septimus: How picturesque.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              –Tom Stoppard, Arcadia, Act 1, Scene 2

Academic blogs are a bit like the picturesque follies that Lancelot “Capability” Brown built.  Everything looks natural, but even the most wild-looking gardens and blog posts are both guided by some hidden design. .  Hannah More described Brown’s architecture through the metaphor of grammar, which seems particularly apt for my purposes:

‘Now there’ said he, pointing his finger, ‘I make a comma, and there’ pointing to another spot, ‘where a more decided turn is proper, I make a colon; at another part, where an interruption is desirable to break the view, a parenthesis; now a full stop, and then I begin another subject.’

As much as academic blogs look like random musings thrown at a page, they take time to write, edit, finesse.  So, as my summer has gotten busier, I find that I have amassed a dozen half-written blog posts, all waiting for world enough and time for finishing touches.

And after a bit, one begins to feel a bit like the Baptist in the wilderness, talking to one’s self rather than holding some sort of scholarly conversation at a virtual water-cooler.  But that is another blog post altogether!  So what have I been up to, you ask?  I just finished tweaking two articles for very different journals (one medieval, one digital humanities) that should be in press shortly;  I’ve been hard at work tweaking my job letter and CV for this year’s market; and I’ve been preparing to become a parent for the first time as well.  My daughter is due August 20th, and I have to admit that the prospect of that immense responsibility has been at the forefront of almost every task I try to accomplish of late.

So apologies, dear readers, if the blog posts are few and far between for the next month or so.  The medieval and digital world will go on without me, I suspect, but I’ll be reading along, I promise!

 

Hybrid Post-docs: Negotiating the Traditional and #altac in the Same Breath

It’s been too long since I’ve posted, but since my tenure with the T-PEN project ends on July 31st, I’ve been wrapping up loose ends, finishing transcriptions, and frantically typing.  I’ve also started thinking more about post-docs in general, since they are rapidly becoming more common everywhere the humanities.

When I started graduate school post-docs weren’t really on my radar as being part of my academic trajectory.  Part of that might be due to my own naive assumption that everyone magically received a tenure-track job when they turned in their dissertations, but I would bet it’s also because of the concurrent rise of limited-term positions and the influx of qualified Ph.D.s who (for whatever reason) aren’t on the tenure track.

It also seems to me that that increase in the number of humanities post-docs is tied to the surge in positions that are now labeled as #altac in the Twittersphere (or, if your eyes cross when you see a hash-tag in front of a word, as the alternative academic movement).  All this is a long-winded way of saying that it took me 8 months to realize that, while my post-doc certainly supported my own research pursuits and has groomed me for a tenure-track position, it’s also very much on the #altac track.

For the past year, I’ve transcribed a Middle English manuscript using T-PEN’s tools and I have been one of the main use-case testers for the project.  Just a few weeks ago though, I realized that, depending on who asks, I describe my post-doc in very different ways.

If a medievalist or traditional academic asks me what I do I usually say:

I’m transcribing a Middle English miscellany using an online tool that helps with digital transcriptions for scholars.

Luckily, the manuscript I’m transcribing has much to do with my research into late-medieval poetics and politics (to say nothing of my love for the digital humanities and paleography).  The position has allowed me to articulate my academic goals and has helped me to solidify my thoughts about the ways in which the digital humanities can help scholars of the pre- and early modern periods.  This seems very much in line with some of the more “research-focused” post-docs I’ve seen spring up in the past few years.

But, if someone outside the academy (and since I live in Seattle, most of these people have some tie to the technology world) asks what I do, I usually say:

I’m a use-case tester for a software platform that helps scholars transcribe medieval manuscripts.

This answer causes all the software folks to nod in agreement and usually to exclaim that they didn’t realize that I was a tester.  It took me a while to realize that this aspect of my job will be more common as more humanities departments, centers, and consortia create robust digital humanities systems that require experienced users to test them.  In the case of T-PEN, the “experienced user” needed to be someone who could transcribe medieval manuscripts and who could interact with software developers to help improve the software.  So yes, I test software.  And I have to say, I love this aspect of my job.  It requires me to understand the software as an entire system and not just some nebulous “thing” that gets in my way.  It allows me to hypothesize about technology in general, but also to shape the technological direction of software that is going to change the way scholars transcribe manuscripts!

As the number of post-docs continues to rise, I think it’s important to realize that most of these positions are not either traditional or #altac.  Often, it’s our own trepidation about not fitting nicely into an academic box that keeps us from realizing how valuable the mix of the two worlds can be for our own development as scholars.  Sure, I still tailor my job description to fit my audience, but when I think about how much I’ve learned this year,  it’s always the mix of both worlds that keeps me going.

The Provenance of Everyday Things

We’re having a garage sale this weekend, providing Seattle’s weather improves (currently it’s 55 and rainy).  Our little house can’t hold anymore flotsam and jetsam so, like many before us, we’re going through our house room-by-room and searching for items that need a new home.  Neither Kevin nor I wanted to tackle the library.  We’re both readers…of history, of fiction, of anything with words…and more than that, we love physical books.  So it was with great trepidation, sadness, and wringing of hands that we opened the library door and began to choose books for the sale.  The almost-new Penguin Classics that were a mainstay of both of our undergraduate days (do we really need three copies of Tess of the d’Urbervilles)?  Gone.  That bargain book we purchased at Barnes and Noble on a whim and then discovered we’d read it years before?  Out.

Those books were easy, but the choices became much less clear when we started to go through books that held memories, inscriptions, and history.  I couldn’t bear to throw out a paperback of Great Expectations because it was my mother’s copy and still has her notes from a literature course she took in 1971.  That copy of Gerard Manley Hopkins a friend inscribed to me in 1995?  It’s still on the shelf and I admit that I took a few minutes to read “Heaven-Haven” again.  The well-worn Field Guide of North American Birds that holds the remnants of my childhood obsession with bird-watching also stayed with us, even though two new editions have come out since then, rendering the book obsolete as a field guide.

None of these books are special of their own account–it’s the memories that I attach to them (and the handwritten effort that others took when they gifted these books to me)–that makes the difference in whether I threw the book on the FOR SALE pile or placed it gingerly back on the shelf.

I read an interesting essay by Amanda Katz on whether our children will inherit our e-books, which asks the same sort of question and–unsurprisingly for me, at least–arrives at the same answer that I did.  In particular, Katz’s closing paragraph rings particularly true:

But when I think of sorting through the boxes of my grandmother’s books — even the ones we couldn’t keep, or didn’t want — and what we found there, I am grateful not to have been handed her Amazon password instead. Among all the gifts of the electronic age, one of the most paradoxical might be to illuminate something we are beginning to trade away: the particular history, visible and invisible, that can be passed down through the vessel of an old book, inscribed by the hands and the minds of readers who are gone.

Katz is obviously dealing with a slightly different topic than I am, but I think that all book-lovers experience a sort of loss when we decide to part with a physical book.  There is a sense of sadness when I remove a book from a shelf, especially when the remaining books begin to collapse inward.     This history-making physicality doesn’t ring true when I pass an e-book along to a friend.  Perhaps I’m giving the physical book too much credit, or maybe it’s because e-books are so immaterial in my world that I don’t attach the emotional value to them as I do with physical books.  Tomorrow, when I sit in my lawn chair with my umbrella over the box of books, my reading histories will travel with these books to their next home, and the one after that.  I can’t imagine that in 10 years I’ll have a yards sale with a sign that reads “e-books: $1.”

Localizing and Dating Medieval Fragments through Crowdsourcing, Part II

I’ve been a lurker on ExLibris-L for years now.  It’s a noisy place, as far as academic listservs go, but it’s a great resource for those interested in rare books and libraries to keep current with news regarding conferences, job postings, and rare books.  It’s the only list of which I’m a member that brings together academics, librarians, and rare book dealers, and I think this shared perspective is incredibly valuable for all of us who study book history.

This morning, the Henry Ransom Center out of the University of Texas at Austin is conducting a survey of medieval binding fragments found in their collection of printed books.  They’ve posted a good many images of these fragments to Flickr and will continue to update the set throughout the summer.  They will be updating the “Henry Ransom Center Fragments” Facebook page with pertinent information as well.  (Props to libraries like the Smithsonian’s Dibner Library and the Ransom Center for experimenting with blogs and social media in such awesome ways!)

In my first post about crowdsourcing and paleographical analysis, I played Pollyanna in hopes that paleographers and book historians could share their impressive banks of knowledge projects dedicated to localizing and dating manuscripts through crowdsourcing and social media.  Most readers, however, put my naïveté in check and agreed that presenting a solid academic opinion regarding dating and localizing manuscripts takes so much time and effort that the crowdsourcing model might not work well for paleographical analysis.

Surely, there has to be some sort of academic middle ground though, that would allow experts in the field to get involved with such projects without writing an article on whether a fragment should date from 1120 or 1170?  In many cases, a tidbit of expertise is better than none at all — for instance, mentioning that a fragment has a southern-style abbreviation (and perhaps citing Bischoff) gives the next person in line a better idea that the fragment probably came from Italy or Southern France rather than Germany or England.

It’s giving out ‘bits and bobs’ of knowledge (and having those little snippets of text in print, even if it is on Flickr or Tumblr) that is so scary for us as academics.  But in the real world of dating manuscripts and fragments for catalogues, one usually doesn’t have two-months to put forth a measured academic opinion, complete with 8 pages of sources, footnotes, and caveats.  There is a good bit of gut instinct involved in the whole process and it’s that gut instinct that is perfect for crowdsourcing.  I’d wager that these little tidbits of information end up being much more useful to all involved than academic pontificating because they distill factual information down to the smallest bit of useful knowledge.

This evening I plan to open my browser to twitter and have some paleographical fun!

Hobbies, Pecha Kucha, and the Academy

I have a confession to make: I have a hobby.  I know, I know, academics aren’t allowed to have such pastimes.  We have many leather-bound books and our offices smell of rich mahogany and we certainly don’t have time to sully our brains with any outside activities.  So I always feel a little guilty when I admit to people that I love my life outside of the academy.

My husband and I collect antiques.  Well, technically, they’re not antiques yet since we collect decorative arts and furniture from the 1950s-1960s…but you catch my drift.  We didn’t mean for this to be a hobby at all–it was just a way to furnish the house after our big move from LA to Seattle.  So for the past four years I’ve been leading a double life: academic by day and scandinavian modern enthusiast by night.  True to our scholarly roots though, my husband and I began researching….amassing a small, multi-lingual library of finding aids…and generally going about our hobby in the most academic of ways.

So when the organizers of  Seattle’s Pecha Kucha  approached us to participate in PK v. 36 “Nordic Love: Design at Seattle’s Mid-Century,” how could we say no?  It was while we prepared for this event (conference? roundtable?) that I realized that the academic world and the design world were going to intersect in very strange ways for me that evening.

Pecha Kucha (pronounced peCHA kuCHA) isn’t a normal conference.  It has a very specific 20×20 format: each speaker prepares 20 slides and gets 20 seconds to speak about each slide before the next one flashes on the screen.  (No, the speaker does NOT have control over advancing the slides.)  It’s a very strange way to present ideas, especially if one is used to writing a leisurely 20-minute paper and reading it at an academic conference.

So it was with some trepidation that I prepared for our talk.  As it turned out most people talked “at” their slides, but I was so afraid that I wouldn’t have enough time to get my points across without some sort of written guidance that I wrote up a few sentences for each slide, which ended up working rather well.  Before our talk the only other academician, a professor of architecture from UW, noticed we had a script and was very relieved he wasn’t the only person who brought something prepared!

It was with some surprise when perusing CFPs the following week that I saw a conference that was going to use the Pecha Kucha format for their presenters.  I cannot imagine presenting a standard academic paper using the PK format (and this coming from a person who usually dives headlong into the next academic innovation).  For many of us, the backbone of a successful academic conference paper is a measured, slow-cooked argument.  To wit, I’m currently preparing a paper on marginal notations for next month’s New Chaucer Society Congress. I cannot even begin to imagine how, in 20 seconds, I could explain the nuances of a certain marginal hand without going a little crazy as the next slide popped up on the screen.

But I can see Pecha Kucha being a great way to present new work, or to present a different type of conference paper altogether–one that relied on ties between images and thoughts rather than a tiny, complex argument.  I think Pecha Kucha would work especially well in the classroom, especially if students were given a broad, self-directed assignment on a single author or literary work.  Unlike normal “conference days” in class, when students trudge to the front of the room in dismay, I can imagine PK presentations would be fast-paced, laid-back, and fun for both students and professor.

We ended up having a great time at Pecha Kucha.  Our presentation went over well and even though there were probably over 75 people in the room, the atmosphere was congenial, relaxed, and happy.  I didn’t expect to be writing a blog post about my hobby or PK, but the world works in mysterious ways and I’m happy that my two worlds collided, if only for a brief moment!

Genre Fiction and Digital Pedagogy

My husband and I are both avid readers, but we’re also independent types who like to discover authors for ourselves and don’t take kindly to a person jamming a book under our noses and demanding that we read it.  To wit, when my father recommended the Lord of the Rings trilogy to a high-school-aged me, I turned up my nose at the suggestion altogether.  (It wasn’t until I was in college and took a course on Tolkien that I read LotR for the first time.)  So when my husband, Kevin, kept recommending John Scalzi’s Old Man’s War I did what I usually do, ignore his advice until I finally gave in so he would stop putting the book on my nightstand, on my desk, or near my morning coffee.

Plus, I sort of figured that the book would be like Space Cowboys, which I always imagine being Grumpy Old Men rebranded in space.  I mean, I’m an ACADEMIC!  I have STANDARDS when I watch films and read books!  (Not really, but I like to put on a good show in case someone’s watching.)  Needless to say, I inhaled Scalzi’s book (and I plan on giving it to my dad for Father’s Day).  During my Scalzi-fest I also read Lev Grossman’s piece in TIME on genre fiction, and both texts got me thinking about the place of genre fiction in the digital humanities, especially in the classroom.

In the middle of reading Old Man’s War I looked up at Kevin, exclaimed “I have to teach this book!  It would be perfect for a class on Aging and the Digital Humanities!” and went back to reading for the rest of the afternoon.  I tend to approach most of my classes from a broad, cultural studies perspective: every cultural artifact is fair game for us to discuss and analyze.  Just as Grossman comments that books labeled as “genre fiction” can serve as disruptive technologies within the sea of literary fiction, so can genre fiction enliven digital humanities courses and provide undergraduate students a model for working through some of the more theoretical issues within the field.  It’s much easier to talk about John Perry’s choice to leave his old life behind and join the Colonial Defense Force than it is to stand up in front of a class of undergraduates and pontificate on how the digital age masks the physical signs of aging.  This isn’t a new thought, by any means, but it continues to challenge the pesky notion that literary works that don’t seem very literary are good for escapism and not much else.  It’s a silly and antiquated thought, really, but one that continues to pervade how many of us structure our CVs and build our classes.

I’m curious though — do other digital humanists use science fiction (or, perhaps, other “genre fiction”) in their classrooms?

Olfactory Codicology

After reading a blog post from the Economist featuring the Folger Library’s Sarah Werner on the importance of the physical book, I couldn’t  help but think about my first time.  This isn’t the place for such a revelation, you say?  Well, there’s nothing more important to the impressionable scholar of early books than her first encounter with a manuscript.

I had just started a summer job cataloguing medieval manuscripts at UCLA’s Department of Special Collections.  I brought everything I thought I might need: my tape measure, pencils (no pens allowed, of course), my computer, and I probably even did my hair for the occasion.  Once the librarian put the manuscript in front of me, everything else disappeared.  I knew I was supposed to take detailed notes, measure the page and the text block, foliate the manuscript, and determine the quire structure, but all I could do was bask in the physical beauty of the manuscript (in this case, a late-15th century French manuscript with a glorious full-page miniature).  All of my training melted away and I just started turning pages. 

I’ve handled and described hundreds of manuscripts by now, but each time I open a new one I’m taken back to that moment and I’m reduced to sitting at my desk with a dazed smile plastered on my face, turning pages.  But this moment isn’t as unmediated as it sounds — the first time I work with a manuscript is all about codicology for me: what does the parchment feel like (is it furry? possibly English…or creamy? maybe Italian); is the binding too tight (perhaps it was rebound by an overzealous 18th century binder); are the pages worn from other readers (why would this page be more important than the last?).  It’s a very affective connection–this first meeting with a manuscript.  Deleuze, in his monograph on Francis Bacon, writes about this affective experience as one of sensations and instinct, and my own first encounters with manuscripts definitely mirror that sentiment.

Working with a physical manuscript is romantic, but it’s also sensory in a way that paging through a digitization can’t be.  Did you know that manuscripts smell?  Unless libraries are getting grants for smell-o-vision, it’s very difficult for a scholar or general viewer to feel, smell, and imagine the entire manuscript through a digitized page.  I’m currently working on a transcription of a Middle English manuscript housed at the Houghton Library at Harvard.  Unlike most of the manuscripts on which I’ve written, I’ve never handled the Houghton MS and I have to admit that my relationship with the manuscript is distinctly different because of this digital divide.  Even though I’ve paged through each of the digital images, including the binding, flyleaves, and catalogue descriptions, I cannot get a feel for the manuscript in the same way I can recall that 15th century French manuscript that I catalogued 5 years ago.  Indeed, I keep coming back to the importance of physical codicology the more I work on digital projects and digital manuscripts…and I’m left wondering if there will always be a divide in how I view the physical/digital object.

 

Crowdsourcing, Paleographical Analysis, and Forming Academic Voltron

The Smithsonian Library has a Tumblr!  Earlier in the week the Dibner Library issued a plea for help identifying the fragments of a medieval manuscript that were used to bind a late-16th or early-17th century book.  I’m sure that I wasn’t the only paleographer who hunched over her computer screen and started looking for et, est, and ‘pp-biting.’  I posted the plea to my Facebook Timeline and soon two colleagues and I were knee-deep in Latin–ignoring the fact that it was near lunch-time–trying to identify the text in question.

Crowdsourcing goes against everything I was taught in graduate school.  Okay, not EVERYTHING.  But in my head, when I’m doing the sort of research that yields the greatest of “a-ha moments,” I’m alone in a musty library, hunched over an even mustier manuscript, frantically typing up my findings.  Two years later (if things move quickly), I’ll have written an article about the aforementioned musty manuscript and then, probably a year-or-so later still, a reputable journal will give my theory the stamp of approval!

But what if we moved to a different model–one that encouraged group participation over individual accomplishment?  I know, I know, I’m being silly.  My expertise, when you come right down to it, is British paleography, particularly of the 14th and 15th centuries.  I have training and cataloguing experience with manuscripts from Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and France, but there are many scholars for whom these countries are their main focus.

So let’s picture for a moment a site (be it Tumblr, WordPress, etc.) where institutions like the Smithsonian could upload images of manuscripts and documents that have stumped their curators.  Academics like myself could look through the images and offer up real-time suggestions in comments.  Yes, we’re busy people, but to put it bluntly, we love a good mystery, especially one that allows us to show off how awesome we are in our assorted specialties.  For many of us, giving this sort of help would allow us to gain knowledge about other types of manuscripts, meet scholars in our fields, and form what I like to think of as Voltron for our little corner of academia.  I’m willing to bet that solving mysteries of this type is one of the reasons that most of us became interested in manuscripts in the first place.  There is nothing more attractive to an academic in the middle of an afternoon slump than a fresh cup of coffee and a mystery in her field, trust me.

UPDATEHere’s the entire twitter/blog exchange between the Smithsonian and a number of paleographers on Storify.  I’ll be the first to admit that I’m very happy that one of my favorite paleographical terms, “p-p biting,” was mentioned so frequently!

 

It’s All About Access

I read a recent discussion on SHARP-L (Society for the History of Authorship, Reading, and Publishing Listserv) regarding retired faculty access to university libraries.  I’d like to take up this same issue of access, but speak more generally regarding the growing number of academics who receive their PhDs, are actively pursuing academic careers, but lose access to their home libraries and affiliation.  It’s a hard problem to tackle, no matter where you approach the issue.  Obviously schools can’t afford to let everyone to have unbridled access to collections, but access–or, rather, the lack of access–is one of the biggest differences between those lucky few who become employed by universities and the growing number of folks on the job market for multiple years.  (To say nothing of the academics who find jobs in alternate arenas altogether.)

First, I should preface this post with my own academic story.  I wrote most of my dissertation here in Seattle after moving away from my home campus (UCLA).  Access would be no big deal, my advisors told me: just get “visiting scholar” status at the local university and the archives you need will be at your finger tips!  If only it were that simple.  As a current student at UCLA I had access to JSTOR, the Patrologia Latina, and digital articles thanks to UCLA’s online ILL access, but what happened when I need a physical book?  The “visiting scholar” status that I naively assumed would be waiting for me was nowhere to be found: only faculty from the local university’s “partner” institutions were allowed ILL access.

Currently, I work on my postdoc remotely and I have the same problems with access.  (Obviously, working remotely is a choice that I made, so one could say that it’s my own ‘fault’ I don’t have access to books via ILL.)  While digital materials and databases are currently very easy for me to access through a proxy network, it’s physical books that become an issue.

By this point you’ve realized that I’m not offering up any quick answers to the problem of access.  Short of digitizing EVERYTHING in every field, there’s not a good, quick answer to this issue…and, technically, it’s not really one issue at all, but a snarl of problems that surround the job market, libraries, university costs, and a number of other quagmires on which any number of people have already pontificated.  As complicated as access is, it’s also fundamental to what we do as academics, no matter what field: we research and we teach — and either becomes a difficult prospect without maintaining access to physical media.